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Representative Publications

(Papers and Manuscripts in arXiv.org: http://arxiv.org/find/all/1/all:+AND+ehtibar+dzhafarov/0/1/0/all/0/1)

2023-2024

Dzhafarov, E.N. & Kujala, J.V. (2023). Contextuality and informational redundancy. Entropy 25, 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010006

Dzhafarov, E.N. & Kujala, J.V. (2023). Contextuality with disturbance and without: Neither can violate substantive requirements the other satisfies. Entropy 2023, 25, 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25040581.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2023). Fechnerian Scaling: Dissimilarity Cumulation theory. In G. Ashby, H. Colonius, and E.N. Dzhafarov (Eds). New Handbook of Mathematical Psychology vol. 3, pp. 80-162. Cambridge University Press.

Ashby, G., Colonius, H., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2023). Preface: Mathematical Psychology in a Quest for Conceptual Clarity. In G. Ashby, H. Colonius, and E.N. Dzhafarov (Eds). New Handbook of Mathematical Psychology vol. 3. Cambridge University Press.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2023). The Contextuality-by-Default view of the Sheaf-Theoretic approach to contextuality. In A. Palmigiano and M. Sadrzadeh (Eds.) Samson Abramsky on Logic and Structure in Computer Science and Beyond, in series Outstanding Contributions to Logic, pp. 573-593. Springer Cham.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2023). Contextuality and random variables. In A. Plotnitsky, E. Haven (Eds). The Quantum-Like Revolution - A Festschrift for Andrei Khrennikov, pp. 339-360. Springer Cham.

Kujala, J.V. & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2023). Quantum mechanics is compatible with counterfactual definiteness. Entropy 25,1356; https:// doi.org/10.3390/e25091356.

Cervantes, V.H. & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2023). Hypercyclic systems of measurements and patterns of contextuality. European Physics Journal - Special Topics 232:3355-3358.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2024). Hidden variables, free choice, context-independence, and all that. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 382:20230015 .

Abramsky, S., Cabello, A., Dzhafarov, E.N., Kurzynski, P. (2024). Quantum Contextuality, Causality, and Freedom of Choice. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 382:20230009.

2021-2022

Dzhafarov, E.N., Kujala, J.V., & Cervantes, V.H. (2021). Epistemic odds of contextuality in cyclic systems. European Physics Journal - Special Topics 230:937-940.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2021). Assumption-free derivation of the Bell-type criteria of contextuality/nonlocality. Entropy 23, 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23111543

Kujala, J.V. & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2021). Contextuality and dichotomizations of random variables. Foundations of Physics 52, 13.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2022). Contents, contexts, and basics of contextuality. In Shyam Wuppuluri and Ian Stewart (Eds). From Electrons to Elephants and Elections, The Frontiers Collection. pp. 259-286. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2022). Context-independent mapping and free choice are equivalent: A general proof. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 55, 305304.
+ Corrigendum Note in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 55 4095020, 2022

2019-2020

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kon, M. (2019). On universality of classical probability with contextually labeled random variables: Response to A. Khrennikov. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 89, 93-97.

Cervantes, V.H., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2019). True contextuality in a psychophysical experiment. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 91, 119-127.

Basieva, I., Cervantes, V.H., Dzhafarov, E.N., Khrennikov, A. (2019). True contextuality beats direct influences in human decision making. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 148, 1925-1937.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2019). On joint distributions, counterfactual values, and hidden variables in understanding contextuality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 377:20190144.

Kujala, J.V., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2019). Measures of contextuality and noncontextuality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 377:20190149.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2019). Contextuality and probability in quantum mechanics and beyond: A preface. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 377:20190371.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Kujala, J.V., Cervantes, V.H. (2020). Contextuality and noncontextuality measures and generalized Bell inequalities for cyclic systems. Physical Review A 101:042119.
+ Erratum Note 1 in Physical Review A 101:069902, 2020
+ Erratum Note 2 in Physical Review A 103:059901, 2021

Cervantes, V.H., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2020). Contextuality analysis of impossible figures. Entropy 22:981; doi.org/10.3390/e22090981.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2020). Systems of random variables and the Free Will Theorem. Physical Review Research 2:043288.

Dzhafarov, D.D., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2020). Classificatory sorites, probabilistic supervenience, and rule-making. In A. Abasnezhad and O. Bueno (Eds.) On the Sorites Paradox. To be published by Springer.

2017-2018

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2017). Contextuality-by-Default 2.0: Systems with binary random variables. In J.A. de Barros, B. Coecke, E. Pothos (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10106, 16-32.

Zhang, R., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2017). Testing contextuality in cyclic psychophysical systems of high ranks. In J.A. de Barros, B. Coecke, E. Pothos (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10106, 151-162.

Cervantes, V.H., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2017). Exploration of contextuality in a psychophysical double-detection experiment. In J.A. de Barros, B. Coecke, E. Pothos (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10106, 182-193.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2017). Probabilistic foundations of contextuality. Fortschritte der Physik - Progress of Physics 65, 1600040 (1-11).

Cervantes, V.H., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2017). Advanced analysis of quantum contextuality in a psychophysical double-detection experiment. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 79, 77-84.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Cervantes, V.H., Kujala, J.V. (2017). Contextuality in canonical systems of random variables. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 375: 20160389.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Kujala, J.V. (2018). Contextuality analysis of the double slit experiment (with a glimpse into three slits). Entropy 20, 278; doi:10.3390/e20040278.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2018). Replacing nothing with something special: Contextuality-by-Default and dummy measurements. In A. Khrennikov & T. Bourama (Eds) Quantum Foundations, Probability and Information, pp. 39-44. Berlin: Springer.

Cervantes, V.H., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2018). Snow Queen is evil and beautiful: Experimental evidence for probabilistic contextuality in human choices. Decision 5, 193-204.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kon, M. (2018). On universality of classical probability with contextually labeled random variables. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 85, 17-24

2015-2016

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2015). Random variables recorded under mutually exclusive conditions: Contextuality-by-Default. Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics IV, 405-410.

Zhang, R. & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2015). Noncontextuality with marginal selectivity in reconstructing mental architectures. Frontiers in Psychology: Cognition 1:12 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00735
+ Journal URL.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Kujala, J.V., & Larsson, J.-A. (2015). Contextuality in three types of quantum-mechanical systems. Foundations of Physics 7, 762-782.

Kujala, J.V., Dzhafarov, E.N., & Larsson, J.-A. (2015). Necessary and sufficient conditions for extended noncontextuality in a broad class of quantum mechanical systems. Physical Review Letters 115, 150401.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2015). Conversations on contextuality. In E.N. Dzhafarov et al. (Eds.) Contextuality from Quantum Physics to Psychology, pp. 1-22. New Jersey: World Scientific.

Kujala, J.V., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2015). Probabilistic Contextuality in EPR/Bohm-type systems with signaling allowed. In E.N. Dzhafarov et al. (Eds.) Contextuality from Quantum Physics to Psychology, pp. 287-308. New Jersey: World Scientific.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Zhang, R., & Kujala, J.V. (2016). Is there contextuality in behavioral and social systems? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 374: 20150099.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Kujala, J.V., & Cervantes, V.H. (2016). Contextuality-by-Default: A brief overview of ideas, concepts, and terminology. In H. Atmanspacher, T. Filk, E. Pothos (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9535, 2016, 12-23.

de Barros, J.A., Dzhafarov, E.N., Kujala, J.V., & Oas, G. (2016). Measuring Observable Quantum Contextuality. In H. Atmanspacher, T. Filk, E. Pothos (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9535, 36-47.

Kujala, J.V., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2016). Proof of a conjecture on contextuality in cyclic systems with binary variables. Foundations of Physics 46, 282-299.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Kujala, J.V., Cervantes, V.H., Zhang, R., & Jones, M. (2016). On contextuality in behavioral data. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 374: 20150234.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2016). Context-content systems of random variables: The contextuality-by-default theory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 74, 11-33.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2016). Probability, random variables, and selectivity. In W.Batchelder et al. (Eds), pp. 85-150. New Handbook of Mathematical Psychology vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2016). About Mathematical Psychology. In W.Batchelder et al. (Eds), pp. 85-150. New Handbook of Mathematical Psychology vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2016). Stochastic unrelatedness, couplings, and contextuality. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 75C, 34-41.

2013-2014

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2013). All-possible-couplings approach to measuring probabilistic context. PLoS One 8(5): e61712. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061712.
+ Journal URL.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2013). Order-distance and other metric-like functions on jointly distributed random variables. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 141, 3291-3301.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2014). On selective influences, marginal selectivity, and Bell/CHSH inequalities. Topics in Cognitive Science 6, 121-128.

Jones, M., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2014). Unfalsifiability and mutual translatability of major modeling schemes for choice reaction time. Psychological Review 121, 1-32.

Jones, M., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2014). Analyzability, ad hoc restrictions, and excessive flexibility of evidence-accumulation models: Reply to two critical commentaries. Psychological Review 121, 689-695.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2014). No-Forcing and No-Matching theorems for classical probability applied to quantum mechanics. Foundations of Physics 44, 248-265.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2014). Embedding quantum into classical: contextualization vs conditionalization. PLoS One 9(3): e92818. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092818.
+ Journal URL.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2014). A qualified Kolmogorovian account of probabilistic contextuality. In H. Atmanspacher, E. Haven, K. Kitto, D. Raine (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8369, 201-212.

Khrennikov, A., Basieva, I., Dzhafarov, E.N., & Busemeyer, J.R. (2014). Quantum models for psychological measurements: An unsolved problem. PLoS ONE 9(10): e110909. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110909.
+ Journal URL.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Perry, L. (2014). Perceptual matching and Sorites: Experimental study of an ancient Greek paradox. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics 76, 2441-2464.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2014). Contextuality is about identity of random variables. Physica Scripta T163, 014009.

2011-2012

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2011). Mathematical foundations of Universal Fechnerian Scaling. In B. Berglund, G.B. Rossi, J. Townsend, & L. Pendrill (Eds.) Measurements With Persons (pp. 185-210). New York: Psychology Press.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2011). The Fechnerian idea. American Journal of Psychology, 124, 127-140.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Ünlü, A., Trendtel, M., & Colonius, H. (2011). Matrices with a given number of violations of Regular Minimality. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 55, 240-250.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2011). On the reverse problem of Fechnerian Scaling. In E.N. Dzhafarov & L. Perry (Eds.) Descriptive and Normative Approaches to Human Behavior (pp. 91-122). New Jersey: World Scientific.

Dzhafarov, D.D., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2011). The equivalence of two ways of computing distances from dissimilarities for arbitrary sets of stimuli. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 55, 469-472.

Dzhafarov, E.N. & Kujala, J.V. (2012). Selectivity in probabilistic causality: Where psychology runs into quantum physics. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 56, 54-63.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Dzhafarov, D.D. (2012). The sorites paradox: A behavioral approach. In L. Rudolph (Ed.) Qualitative Mathematics for the Social Sciences: Mathematical Models for Research on Cultural Dynamics (pp. 105-136). London: Routledge.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2012). Quantum entanglement and the Issue of selective influences in psychology: An overview. In J.R. Busemeyer, F. Dubois, A. Lambert-Mogiliansky, M. Melucci (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7620, 184-195.

2009-2010

Ünlü, A., Kiefer, T., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2009). Fechnerian scaling in R: The package fechner. Journal of Statistical Software, 31, 1-24.
+ URL for the paper and software.

Kujala, J.V., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2009). A new definition of well-behaved discrimination functions. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53, 593-599.

Kujala, J.V., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2009). Regular Minimality and Thurstonian-type modeling. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53, 486-501.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Dzhafarov, D.D. (2010). Sorites without vagueness I: Classificatory sorites. Theoria, 76, 4-24.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Dzhafarov, D.D. (2010). Sorites without vagueness II: Comparative sorites. Theoria, 76, 25-53.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2010). Dissimilarity Cumulation as a procedure correcting for violations of triangle inequality. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 54, 284-287.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2010). Dissimilarity, quasidistance, distance. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 54, 334-337.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Perry, L. (2010). Matching by adjustment: if X matches Y, does Y match X? Frontiers in Psychology: Quantitative Psychology and Measurement, 1:24. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00024.
+ Journal link.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Kujala, J.V. (2010). The Joint Distribution Criterion and the Distance Tests for selective probabilistic causality. Frontiers in Psychology: Quantitative Psychology and Measurement, 1:151 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00151.
+ Journal URL.

Trendtel, M., Ünlü, A., and Dzhafarov, E.N. (2010). Matrices satisfying Regular Minimality. Frontiers in Psychology: Quantitative Psychology and Measurement, 1:211. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00211.
+ Journal URL.

2006-2008

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2006). Regular Minimality: A fundamental law of discrimination. In H. Colonius & E.N. Dzhafarov (Eds.), Measurement and Representation of Sensations (pp. 1-46). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2006). Generalized Fechnerian Scaling. In H. Colonius & E.N. Dzhafarov (Eds.), Measurement and Representation of Sensations (pp. 47-88). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2006) On the Law of Regular Minimality: Reply to Ennis. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 50, 74-93.
+ Erratum note.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2006). Reconstructing distances among objects from their discriminability. Psychometrika, 71, 365 - 386.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Gluhovsky, I. (2006). Notes on selective influence, probabilistic causality, and probabilistic dimensionality. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 50, 390-401.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2006). Mathematical theorizing versus mathematical metaphorizing: A commentary on Rudolph. Culture and Psychology, 12, 205-214.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2007). Dissimilarity cumulation theory and subjective metrics. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 51, 290-304.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2008). Dissimilarity cumulation theory in arc-connected spaces. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 52, 73-92.
+ Dzhafarov, E.N. (2009). Corrigendum to: "Dissimilarity cumulation theory in arc-connected spaces" [J. Math. Psychol. 52 (2008) 73-92]. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 53, 300.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2008). Dissimilarity cumulation theory in smoothly-connected spaces. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 52, 93-115.

Kujala, J.V., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2008). On minima of discrimination functions. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 52, 116-127.

Kujala, J.V., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2008). Testing for selectivity in the dependence of random variables on external factors. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 52, 128-144.

2001-2005

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2001). Unconditionally selective dependence of random variables on external factors. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 45, 421-451.

Dzhafarov E.N. (2001). Fechnerian Psychophysics. In N.J. Smelser, P.B. Baltes (Eds.) International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences, v. 8 (pp. 5437-5440). New York: Pergamon Press.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2001). Multidimensional Fechnerian scaling: Basics. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 45, 670-719.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2002). Multidimensional Fechnerian scaling: Regular variation version. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 46, 226-244.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2002). Multidimensional Fechnerian scaling: Probability-distance hypothesis. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 46, 352-374.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2002). Multidimensional Fechnerian scaling: Perceptual separability. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 46, 564-582.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2002). Multidimensional Fechnerian scaling: Pairwise comparisons, regular minimality, and nonconstant self-similarity. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 46, 583-608.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2003). Selective influence through conditional independence. Psychometrika, 68, 7-26.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2003). Thurstonian-type representations for "same-different" discriminations: Deterministic decisions and independent images. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 47, 208-228.
+ Journal of Mathematical Psychology's Outstanding Paper Award.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2003). Thurstonian-type representations for "same-different" discriminations: Probabilistic decisions and interdependent images. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 47, 229-243.
+ Journal of Mathematical Psychology's Outstanding Paper Award
+ Dzhafarov, E.N. (2006). Corrigendum to "Thurstonian-type representations for "same-different" discriminations: Probabilistic decisions and interdependent images": [Journal of Mathematical Psychology 47 (2003) 205-219]. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 50, 511.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2004). Perceptual separability of stimulus dimensions: A Fechnerian approach. In C. Kaernbach, E. Schröger, H. Müller (Eds.), Psychophysics beyond Sensation: Laws and Invariants of Human Cognition. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Schweickert, R., & Sung, K. (2004). Mental architectures with selectively influenced but stochastically interdependent components. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 48, 51-64.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (2005). Justification, skepticism, irreverence: Or why science is different from faith and rhetoric. Trames, 9, 377-392.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2005). Psychophysics without physics: A purely psychological theory of Fechnerian Scaling in continuous stimulus spaces. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 49, 1-50.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (2005). Psychophysics without physics: Extension of Fechnerian Scaling from continuous to discrete and discrete-continuous stimulus spaces. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 49, 125-141.

1996-2000

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Rouder, J.N. (1996). Empirical discriminability of two models for stochastic relationship between additive components of response time. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 40, 48-63.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Cortese, J.M. (1996). Empirical recovery of response time decomposition rules I: Sample-level Decomposition tests. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 40, 185-202.

Cortese, J.M., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (1996). Empirical recovery of response time decomposition rules II: Discriminability of serial and parallel architectures. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 40, 203-218.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1997). Process representations and decompositions of response times. In A.A.J. Marley (Ed.), Choice, Decision and Measurement: Essays in Honor of R. Duncan Luce (pp. 255-278). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1999). Conditionally selective dependence of random variables on external factors. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 43, 123-157.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Colonius, H. (1999). Fechnerian metrics in unidimensional and multidimensional stimulus spaces. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 6, 239-268.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1999). Double skew-dual scaling: A conjoint scaling of two sets of objects related by a dominance matrix. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 43, 483-517.

Schweickert, R., Giorgini, M., & Dzhafarov, E.N. (2000). Selective influence and response time cumulative distribution functions in serial-parallel task networks. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 44, 504-535.

1991-1995

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1992). The structure of simple reaction time to step-function signals. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 36, 235-268.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1992). Visual kinematics I: Visual space metric in visual motion. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 36, 471-497.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1992). Visual kinematics II: Space contraction in motion and visual velocity. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 36, 498-523.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1992). Visual kinematics III: Transformation of spatiotemporal coordinates in motion. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 36, 524-546.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1993). Grice-representability of response time distribution families. Psychometrika, 58, 281-314.

Dzhafarov, E.N., Sekuler, R., & Allik, J. (1993). Detection of changes in speed and direction of motion: Reaction time analysis. Perception and Psychophysics, 54, 733-750.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Böckenholt, U. (1995). Decomposition of recurrent choices into stochastically independent counts. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 39, 40-56.

Dzhafarov, E.N., & Schweickert, R. (1995). Decompositions of response times: An almost general theory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 39, 285-314.

Dzhafarov, E.N. (1995). Empirical meaningfulness, measurement-dependent constants, and dimensional analysis. In R. D. Luce, M. D'Zmura, D. Hoffman, G.J. Iverson, & A.K. Romney (Eds.), Geometric Representations of Perceptual Phenomena (pp. 113-134). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.